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| International Conference on Environmental Systems ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
International Conference on Environmental Systems
The International Conference on Environmental Systems, or ICES (known prior to 1990 as the Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems), is an annual technical conference focusing on human spaceflight technology and space human factors. Session topics include: Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS), thermal control, life sciences, extra-vehicular activity (EVA) systems (including space suit design and human-robot interaction), space architecture, and mission planning for exploration.〔() 〕
The conference has taken place annually since 1971.
==History==
The first ICES conference was held in San Francisco in 1971, after three years of work by members of Environmental Control and Life Support System specialist committees representing four different societies: the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), and the Aerospace Medical Association (AsMA). It replaced three other meetings held each year as part of various society conference programs and since then it has been held every year. In 1972, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) became the fifth and final co-sponsoring society for ICES.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AEROSPACE DIVISION : AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS (ASME INTERNATIONAL) : BY-LAWS and OPERATION GUIDE )〕
Prior to 1990, ICES organization was US-only. In 1990 it became international, by merging the American conference with a similar conference held in Europe, and ICES started to be held abroad (for the first time in Germany in 1994). Since 2000, the ICES conference takes place four times out of five in the US and once in five years outside US (so far in 2000, 2005, 2010).
For its first 39 years, the main ICES organizer was the Society of Automotive Engineers; from 2010 through 2013, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics filled the role of main organizer,〔 supported by American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers and ICES International Committee. Starting in 2014, the conference became an independent entity that was organized by Texas Tech University.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=45th International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES 2015) :: Civil & Environmental Engineering :: TTU )〕 in 2014 and 2015. In 2016, the conference has become independent with its own website at http://www.ices.space whilst AIAA, AIChE, ASME, and the ICES International Committee continue organizing the conference sessions.
Papers presented at ICES are published every year in the conference proceedings, initially by ASME and later by AIAA. They are now published by the ICES organization. Proceedings from the 2014 and 2015 conferences, hosted by Texas Tech University are accessible from the ICES conference website.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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